Degradation of Photopic and Mesopic Contrast Sensitivity Function in High Myopes With Partial Posterior Vitreous Detachment.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) on visual quality in patients with high myopia, as well as investigate the associated factors of photopic and mesopic contrast sensitivity function (CSF) in high myopia. Methods: Visual quality was comprehensively assessed in patients with high myopia. Visual acuity, contrast sensitivity (CS) at four spatial frequencies (3, 6, 12, and 18 cycles per degree [c.p.d.]) under photopic and mesopic conditions, as well as the modulation transfer function cutoff value (MTFcutoff), the objective scatter index (OSI), the Strehl ratio (SR), and internal aberrations, were measured in this cross-sectional study. Results: This study included 94 eyes from 47 subjects with bilateral high myopia, including 23 eyes with complete PVD (cPVD), 21 eyes with partial PVD (pPVD), and 50 eyes without PVD (nPVD). There was no significant difference in visual quality between the cPVD group and the nPVD group. Whereas in eyes with pPVD, there was a degradation of overall photopic CSF (versus nPVD, P = 0.048), photopic CS at 3 c.p.d. (versus cPVD, P = 0.009 and versus nPVD, P = 0.032), photopic CS at 18 c.p.d. (versus nPVD, P = 0.033), overall mesopic CSF (versus nPVD, P = 0.033), and secondary astigmatism (versus cPVD, P = 0.044). Under photopic conditions, the factors affecting CSF were pPVD and SR, whereas the factors affecting mesopic CSF were pPVD, OSI, and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness. Conclusions: The pPVD impaired visual quality in patients with high myopia compared to nPVD or cPVD, and pPVD could be a factor explaining CSF at both photopic and mesopic illumination. Translational Relevance: Clinicians need to closely monitor patients with high myopia with pPVD due to the potential decline in visual quality and the development of vitreoretinal disorders.

Design of Nb5+-doped high-nickel layered ternary cathode material and its structure stability.

LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2(NCM811) is one of the most promising cathode materials for high-energy lithium-ion batteries, but there are still problems such as rapid capacity decay during charge and discharge and poor cycle performance. Elemental doping can significantly improve the electrochemical performance of high nickel ternary cathode materials. In this work, Nb5+-doped NCM811 cathode material was successfully synthesized. The results show that Nb5+doping helps to increase the interlayer spacing of the lithium layer, electron transport, and structural stability, thereby significantly improving the conductivity of Li+. At a high voltage of 4.6 V, the initial discharge specific capacity of 1% Nb5+-doped NCM811 cathode material at 0.1 C is 222.3 mAh·g-1, and the capacity retention rate after 100 cycles at 1 C is 92.03%, which is far more than the capacity retention rate of NCM811 under the same conditions (74.30%). First-principles calculations prove that 1% Nb5+-doped NCM811 cathode material shows the highest electronic conductivity and Nb5+doping will not change the lattice structure, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.

Na and Cl co-doping modified LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2as cathode for lithium-ion battery.

In recent years, ternary nickel-rich layered oxides have gradually replaced traditional binary cathode materials in the lithium-ion battery market due to their advantages of high energy density and environmental protection. However, their structural instability of cathode materials has seriously affected the cycle performance of the battery. In order to optimize the internal structure of LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2(NCM523), the modified LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2was prepared byin situdoping Na and Cl wet grinding solid phase method. After 80 cycles at 1 C, the capacity retention rate was 80.91%, which was higher than that of LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2by 70.00%. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the surface corrosion of LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2was effectively alleviated by Na and Cl co-doping. In addition, the band structure, state density and volume changes were obtained by simulation. The results show that the impedance, capacity and capacity retention data are very compatible with the simulation results. Therefore, Na and Cl doping can effectively optimize the internal structure of LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2and improve its electrochemical performance. The combination of simulation and experiment provides a new approach for the modification of ternary cathode materials.

Determination of trypsin using protamine mediated fluorescent enhancement of DNA templated Au nanoclusters.

A fluorescent method is described for trypsin determination through the strong electrostatic interactions between cationic polyelectrolytes and single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) templated Au nanoclusters (AuNCs). The ssDNA-AuNCs display improved fluorescence emission with excitation/emission maxima at 280/475 nm after being incorporated with poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA). Fluorescent enhancement is mainly attributed to the electrostatic interactions occurring  between PDDA and ssDNA templates. This can make the conformation of the ssDNA templates to change. Thus, it offers a better microenvironment for stabilizing and protecting ssDNA-AuNCs, and results in fluorescence emission enhancement. By using protamine as a model, the method is employed for the determination of trypsin. The assay enables trypsin to be determined with good sensitivity and a linear response ranging from 5 ng⋅mL-1 to 60 ng⋅mL-1 with a 1.5 ng⋅mL-1 limit of detection. It is also extended to determine  the trypsin contents in human's serum samples with recoveries between 98.7% and 103.5% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) between 3.5% and 4.8%. A novel fluorescent strategy has been developed for of trypsin determination by using protamine mediated fluorescent enhancement of DNA templated Au nanoclusters.

Adsorption of acetylsalicylic acid on the aluminum nitride nanotube in both gas and solvent medium: a DFT study.

The adsorption of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) on the outer surfaces of a (1 , 1) aluminum nitride single-wall nanotube (AlNNT) was studied by quantum chemical study calculation. The adsorption energy of ASA on the AlNNT surface was calculated about - 15.62 kcal/mol. The more negative adsorption energy is ascribed to the electrostatic interaction of ASA with AlNNT. By absorbing the aspirin drug on the surface of AlNNT, the nanotube electrical conductivity has increased dramatically by about 21.75%, which can be used as a drug detection signal. Based on the polarizable continuum model (PCM) calculation, the AlNNT-ASA complex in water medium is more stable compared with that in the gas medium. Finally, our findings also revealed that the AlNNT would selectively identify the ASA molecule in the presence of environmental pollutants.